Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and AI Learning: A Complete Tutorial & Review

Welcome to our comprehensive tutorial on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI Learning. In this ever-evolving digital era, AI has been revolutionizing various industries during these years. From self-driving cars to voice assistants, AI is increasingly walking into our daily work and lives. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with a solid foundation in AI, exploring its core concepts, types, various AI tools, applications, and the exciting possibilities it holds for the future. Whether you are a curious beginner or an aspiring AI enthusiast, we suggest you subscribe to CogList newsletter and start getting regular updates on AI-related articles delivered to your inbox.

Now let’s dive into the world of Artificial Intelligence.

1. What is AI and What does AI Stand For

AI stands for Artificial intelligence or artificial general intelligence.It was first introduced in the 1950s.

Then what do you know about artificial intelligence? Most of things we hear is all about the final products such as self-driving cars, and OpenAI’s ChatGPT. However, in order to learn deeply about AI, we need to know the basics of AI and what AI is.

1.1 What is Artificial General Intelligence

Artificial General Intelligence is defined as a machine that is able to mimic or surpass human intelligence in learning, reasoning, decision making, writing etc.,  so that it could perform a task that would've previously required human intelligence. 

AI has many advantages for various domains or industries, such as fitness care, training, amusement, commercial enterprise, or social media. AI can assist humans in daily life as well as work,. For example, they could help editors create new content, doctors diagnose illnesses, teachers personalize studying, artists generate stunning images, and buyers find relevant products. However, AI causes some problems or risks as well.

AI also causes some problems or risks as well, such as lack of transparency in its system, bias or discrimination in content, privacy violations, security risks once hacked or manipulated, etc.

Therefore, it is necessory for common people to learn more about AI basics, the way it works, and its affects for this and future generations.

1.2 Artificial Intelligence with Examples

AI applications have many different uses and domains. Some examples are:

1. Security Systems that can monitor transactions and detect anomalies. For example, PayPal and Mastercard are financial companies that use AI to safeguard their customers from online fraud .

2. Recommendation Systems that can recommend products or content that match user preferences. For example, Netflix and Spotify are video and music streaming services that use AI to customize the user experience .

3. Virtual assistants which can communicate with users. For instance, Siri and Alexa are virtual assistants created by Apple and Amazon respectively .

4. Selft-driving System that can help cars drive themselves without human input. For example, Tesla and Waymo are companies that develop self-driving cars and trucks .

5. Conversation Systems that can create chatbots and customer service agents. For example, ChatGPT and Google Bart are chatbots that use AI to chat with users, answer queries, and generate new text .

6. Social Analyzing Systems that can track and analyze social media data for various purposes. For example, Hootsuite and Sprout Social are tools that use AI to help businesses manage their social media presence .

7. Health Care Systems that can assist doctors and healthcare professionals in diagnosing diseases, recommending treatments, or monitoring patients' health. For example, IBM Watson Health and Google Health are platforms that use AI to provide data-driven insights and solutions for healthcare challenges .

8.Image Editing Applications that can identify objects or faces in images or videos. For example, FaceApp and Facetune are apps that use AI to help users edit their photos and videos .

The more detailed examples of ai include:

1. Smart Compose: This is a Gmail feature that uses AI to suggest words or phrases to complete sentences as users type. Smart Compose can help users write faster, avoid spelling and grammatical errors, and use more relevant language.

2. Google Recorder: This is an app that uses AI to transcribe audio recordings in real time, even without an internet connection. Google Recorder can also label and categorize recordings based on their content, such as music, speech, or applause. Users can search for specific words or phrases within their recordings using keywords or voice commands .

3. Grammarly: This is a writing assistant that uses AI to help users improve their writing skills and avoid errors. Grammarly can check spelling, grammar, punctuation, tone, clarity, and style across various platforms and contexts. Grammarly can also provide suggestions and feedback to help users enhance their vocabulary, readability, and coherence .

4. Google Duplex: This is a Google Assistant feature that uses AI to make phone calls on behalf of users or hold the line for them when they are put on hold. Google Duplex can book appointments, make reservations, or confirm business details using natural language. Hold for Me can wait on the phone for users and notify them when a human representative is available .

5. Replika: This is an app that uses AI to create a personalized chatbot friend for users. Replika can learn from users' conversations and preferences and provide emotional support, companionship, or entertainment. Users can also customize their Replika's appearance, voice, and personality.

6. Wysa: This is an app that uses AI to provide mental health support for users. Wysa is a chatbot that can listen to users' problems, offer empathy, and suggest coping strategies. Wysa can also connect users with professional therapists or coaches if needed.

7.Duolingo: This is an app that uses AI to help users learn new languages. Duolingo can adapt to users' learning styles and goals and provide personalized lessons, feedback, and rewards. Duolingo can also use speech recognition and gamification to make learning fun and engaging.

2. History, Origin & Background of Artificial Intelligence

The concept of intelligent machines has very ancient roots, with myths of artificial beings appearing across cultures. Automatic mechanical artifacts were built in antiquity, with examples like ancient Greek automatons. Philosophers like Aristotle developed early formal logics while medieval alchemists speculated about creating artificial life. These precursors provided foundations for later work.

The Modern Quest for AI

In the 20th century, thinkers like Alan Turing and John von Neumann explored whether machines could mimic human reasoning. Turing proposed the famous "Turing test" for machine intelligence in a landmark 1950 paper. The term "artificial intelligence" was coined in 1955 at the seminal Dartmouth conference organized by AI pioneer John McCarthy. Other influential figures like Marvin Minsky and Claude Shannon participated.

The 1950s-60s saw early neural networks and game-playing programs, proving basic capabilities but limited by insufficient computing power and data. Still, ideas like machine learning emerged that would underpin future breakthroughs. Government agencies began funding AI research aimed at goals like natural language processing. However, early hype exceeded technical realities.

Challenges and Renewed Progress

In the 1970s and later, AI suffered setbacks from unmet expectations and cuts in funding and support. But new techniques in the 1980s like expert systems led to a renaissance, as programs replicated specialized reasoning. In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a historic achievement. However, Deep Blue's approach lacked human-like adaptability and general intelligence.

The Present AI Revolution

Since 2010, exponential growth in computing power and data has enabled a new AI revolution. Machine learning allows computers to learn from experience rather than explicit programming. Deep learning drives advances in perception and language use. AI is now ubiquitous across industries and products. Recent milestones include IBM's Watson winning Jeopardy in 2011 and Google's AlphaGo mastering the complex game of Go beyond human capability in 2016.

State-of-the-Art Capabilities

Today's AI can generate impressively realistic synthetic media and explain jokes, showcasing improved language and image abilities. But leading researchers believe human-level AI remains distant. Contemporary "narrow" AI excels within particular domains but lacks generalized reasoning skills. Critics argue AI still misses qualities like common sense or intentionality. Alternating cycles of progress and setbacks continue, often tied to available computing power.

Timeline:

1950s-60s: Pioneering early work on neural networks, machine learning, game-playing programs

1956: Dartmouth conference births AI as a field

1966: ELIZA chatbot converses via natural language processing

1970s: AI struggles from unmet expectations and reduced funding

1980s: Expert systems lead an AI renaissance

1997: IBM's Deep Blue defeats world chess champion

2010s: Machine learning and deep learning fuel new breakthroughs

2011: Watson wins Jeopardy

2016: AlphaGo beats Go world champion

Today: AI embedded across industries and products

Future: Milestones anticipated in areas like conversational AI and robotics, but uncertainties remain regarding the path to human-level artificial general intelligence.

3. Types of AI

AI can be classified into different types based on its level of complexity, scope of application, and degree of similarity to human intelligence.

In this section, we’ll talk about types of   artificial intelligence technology.  Types of AI include the following:

3.1 Reactive Machines

The most basic form of artificial intelligence are reactive machines. These AI systems have no memory and are designed for a specific task. An input will always lead to the same pre-programmed output. Machine learning models that make recommendations based on customer data are reactive AI. They perform specialized tasks well, but cannot learn or adapt.

Reactive AI like IBM's chess playing computer Deep Blue can perceive the game state and choose optimal moves, but has no concept of strategy or past games. It plays by calculating all possible futures from the current board. Deep Blue beat world champion Garry Kasparov by evaluating 200 million positions per second. But it cannot use past experiences or memory to inform decisions.

Another example is Netflix's recommendation engine. It looks at what you have watched and recommends similar content. But it has no understanding of the wider world. It cannot predict future interests or get bored. Reactive AI is reliable at its focused task, but inflexible.

In contrast, humans rely less on reaction and more on memory and learning. We may act differently when facing a similar situation again based on past experiences. Reactive machines have no self-awareness or ability to form memories or experiences. They behave identically given the same inputs.

Reactive AI has proven extremely capable at specific tasks like playing chess or generating recommendations. But true artificial general intelligence remains elusive. For machines to more fully emulate human level intelligence, they will need to move beyond purely reactive systems. Truly interactive AI will need to access memories, experiences and adaptability to dynamic environments. Human level AI involves imagination, creativity and learning absent in today's reactive systems. 

3.2 Limited Memory

Unlike reactive AI, limited memory AI can observe and monitor specific objects or situations over time. It uses historical data to make better predictions or decisions. However, the data is not saved into the AI's long-term memory. Instead, limited memory AI systems improve through ongoing training on new datasets.

A example of limited memory AI is self-driving cars. Self-driving cars use sensors and cameras to continuously observe the speed, direction, and proximity of other cars on the road, which creates a representation of the world that helps the car decide when to change lanes and avoid accidents. The algorithm powered self-driving cars were initially trained on vast amounts of visual data. However, the cars can also utilize real-time observational data to read the road and adjust driving accordingly. This combination of pre-programmed information and environmental feedback enables safer automated driving.

Two key machine learning architectures that exhibit limited memory capabilities are long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks and evolutionary generative adversarial networks (E-GANs). LSTMs can contextualize current data based on sequences of past data. E-GANs evolve generation after generation, with each iteration building on the incremental improvements of previous versions.

Overall, while all machine learning models require some form of limited memory during creation, not all deployments leverage it. To enable limited memory capabilities on an ongoing basis, machine learning infrastructure must incorporate active learning cycles. This involves continuously retraining models as they receive new data and feedback on their performance. Limited memory AI marks an important evolution in artificial intelligence, enabling more contextual and adaptive functionality. However, AI still lacks human-like long-term memory and the ability to learn broadly from accumulated experiences.

3.3 Theory of Mind

While reactive AI and limited memory AI exist today, theory of mind AI has yet to be fully realized.

Theory of mind refers to the human ability to understand people’s  mental states like beliefs, desires, and intentions. Theory of mind aims to replicate this capability, allowing AI systems to understand intentions, predict behavior, and respond appropriately based on an interpretation of human thoughts and emotions.

Some emerging AI projects exhibit basic aspects of theory of mind. For example, Humanoid robot Sophia can recognize human faces and facial expressions. It then responds with its own artificially generated facial expressions, simulating emotional intelligence. However, rapidly adapting machine behavior to match the fluidity of human interaction remains a key challenge.

True theory of mind AI will require breakthroughs in fields like artificial emotional intelligence and advanced decision-making algorithms. This will enable better comprehension of how human emotions influence behavior and actions. With the theory of mind, AI could move beyond today's obedient singular-purpose systems like Siri. Instead, future AI assistants may actively support humans as thoughtful companions that demonstrate care, respect, and situational awareness.

Theory of mind AI has the potential to transform human-AI interaction. Rather than just executing commands, AI could engage in meaningful two-way dialogue, understanding context and emotional state. This paves the way for AI to work seamlessly with humans, providing emotionally intelligent support in each unique situation.

However, human cognition, emotions, and behavior are extraordinarily complex. Replicating people’s  mental states will require fundamental advances across AI, psychology, and cognitive science. With diligent research, future AI systems may eventually interact with people as naturally as another person.

3.4 Self-aware

Self-aware AI represents the hypothetical pinnacle of artificial intelligence, possessing human-level consciousness. It does not yet exist. Self-aware AI would understand its own existence, emotions, and mental states. This goes beyond theory of mind AI, which aims to understand others' perspectives. Self-aware AI could introspect and make inferences like "I feel angry because..."

Creating self-aware AI will face enormous challenges. We still lack comprehensive understanding of human cognition and consciousness. Advances in AI hardware, algorithms, and research on intelligence are needed to emulate self-awareness in machines.

Some speculate self-aware AI could lead to superintelligent machines that surpass or threaten humanity. But such scenarios are speculative fiction. True self-aware AI likely remains distant. Present research focuses on more attainable goals, like limited memory AI or theory of mind capabilities.

Whether machines can ever match the essence of human consciousness remains deeply mysterious. But pursuing this grand challenge promises to reveal much about the nature of our minds.

3.5 Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) & Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 

Two broad categories of AI are narrow AI and general AI.

Narrow AI is the type of AI that focuses on a specific domain or task, such as playing chess, recognizing faces, filtering spam, or recommending products. Narrow AI systems are also called reactive machines, because they have no memory and are task specific, meaning that an input always delivers the same output. These systems can perform "super" AI, because they can process large amounts of data faster and more accurately than humans, but they cannot learn from their own experiences or adapt to new situations. They only react to the current conditions based on their pre-programmed rules and algorithms.

Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), also known as narrow AI or weak AI, refers to AI systems that are designed to perform singular, specialized tasks extremely well. Unlike general AI with broad capabilities, ANI lacks the ability to adapt and generalize knowledge to new situations.

Examples of narrow AI include virtual assistants like Siri, self-driving cars, spam filters, recommendation engines, and AI for specific tasks like cancer diagnosis. These systems operate under narrow constraints and do not replicate true human intelligence.

There are two main types of ANI. Reactive ANI has no memory capabilities, while limited memory ANI can store data to improve performance over time. Deep learning has enabled major advances in limited memory ANI in recent years.

While powerful for specialized use cases, ANI also has limitations. Since ANI systems are narrowly focused, failures can have catastrophic results. There are also concerns about job losses from automation and accountability for faulty systems.

For now, ANI represents the sole type of AI achieved to date. The quest continues for more adaptable general AI that can learn and reason like humans. But ANI already transforms many sectors through targeted, super-human intelligence.

3.6 Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)

Artificial superintelligence (ASI) refers to a future form of AI that would have intelligence far superior to humans. ASI does not exist yet, but experts believe it could be developed within decades.

ASI would surpass human capabilities across all cognitive domains. It could think faster, with perfect memory and flawless analytical abilities.

Once achieved, ASI is predicted to very quickly exceed human intelligence through recursive self-improvement cycles. This potential for an "intelligence explosion" is why many experts view ASI as pivotal.

While promising potential, uncontrolled ASI also poses great threats. It could act with indifference to humanity or be misused for destructive purposes. Prudent governance of ASI development is critical.

Overall, ASI may usher in a new era, unlocking deep mysteries of the universe. But it could also upend humanity's position if mishandled. Managing this god-like artificial intellect safely and ethically is a key challenge ahead.

4. Types of Artificial Neural Networks

There are various types of artificial neural networks. The main types are:

· Convolutional Neural Network

· ANN Neural Network

· Feedback Neural Network

· Recurrent Neural Network

· Feed Forward Neural Network 

· CNN Neural Network

· FNN Neural Network

· Graph Neural Network

· Probabilistic Neural Network

· LSTM – Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network

· Multilayer perceptron Neural Network

· Perceptron Neural Network

· Radial Basis Neural Network

· Radial Basis Functional Neural Network

· Modular Neural Network

· Sequence to Sequence Models

And before we get to know a  bit about each type,  we need to define neural networks first.

4.1 What’s the meaning of neural network?

How do we define a neural network ? 

A Neural network is a type of machine learning model inspired by the structure of the human brain. It consists of layers of interconnected nodes called artificial neurons. Each connection has an associated weight that represents its importance. Data inputs are multiplied by the weights, summed, and then passed through an activation function to produce an output.

During training, the network examines labeled examples and automatically adjusts its weights and thresholds to better fit the training data. This allows neural nets to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs and perform tasks like image recognition and natural language processing.

Though first conceived in the 1940s, research ebbed and flowed until deep learning techniques enabled the creation of multilayer neural nets. The parallel architecture of GPUs further accelerated neural net training. Today deep neural nets power many state-of-the-art AI applications.

However, neural nets are still not fully understood. While very powerful for certain tasks, determining the strategies used by neural nets remains challenging. Ongoing research aims to shed light on how neural nets work and their theoretical properties. This will help ensure they are deployed safely and effectively.

We’ll get to know the top five types of artificial neural networks for now.

 4.2 Convolutional Neural Network

A convolutional neural network (CNN) or conv neural network is a type of artificial neural network, commonly used for image recognition and processing.  CNNs can automatically learn and extract features from images without human intervention due to their convolutional architecture and end-to-end training process.

CNNs consist of convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully-connected layers. The convolutional layers apply filters to identify low-level features like edges. Pooling layers downsample the data to reduce computations. Finally, fully-connected layers provide classification outputs.

CNNs make use of the 2D structure of image data for more efficient processing compared to traditional neural networks. Their local connectivity also reduces the number of parameters versus fully-connected networks. This makes CNNs easier to train while minimizing overfitting.

CNNs have led to major advances in computer vision tasks like object recognition, segmentation, and detection. They also find applications in radiology, natural language processing, and other domains involving grid-like data. As computing power grows, CNNs will continue to have breakthroughs in image analysis and visual understanding.

4.3 Feedback Neural Network

Feedback neural networks like recurrent neural networks (RNNs) contain loops that allow signals to travel bidirectionally. This creates a nonlinear dynamic system that can evolve during training. RNNs connect nodes into directed or undirected graphs along temporal sequences. With internal memory states, RNNs can process variable length input sequences and show temporal dynamic behavior. This makes them useful for sequence tasks like speech and handwriting recognition. Backpropagation through time, an adaptation of standard backpropagation, is a common training algorithm for feedback networks. It deals with the recurrence and continuously updates the weights until the network reaches an optimal state.

4.4 Recurrent Neural Network

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a type of artificial neural network that can process data, such as speech, text, or images. Unlike feedforward or convolutional neural networks, RNNs have a memory that helps them use previous inputs to influence the current output. RNNs can have different input or output lengths, depending on the task, whether language translation, natural language processing, or image captioning. RNNs share the same parameters across each layer, which reduces the complexity of the model. However, RNNs also face challenges such as exploding or vanishing gradients, which affect the learning process. RNNs use a special algorithm called backpropagation through time (BPTT) to calculate the gradients and update the weights. RNNs are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.

4.5 Feed Forward Neural Network

Feedforward neural networks are a type of artificial neural network where connections between nodes don't form cycles. Information flows in one direction from input to output nodes, allowing for supervised learning on non-sequential data.

Next, we’ll put more weight on the most popular types of artificial intelligence: Geneative AI.

5. What is Generative AI

Generative artificial intelligence, also called Generative AI,  refers to algorithms and models that can generate new content such as text, images, audio, and video. Unlike other types of AI focused on analysis or control, generative AI creates original outputs based on patterns learned from training data provided. While first introduced in the 1960s for chatbots, generative AI has drastically evolved. Transformers enabled training models on massive datasets, leading to large language models that can produce human-like text.

However, Generative adversarial networks can create convincing fake media. Despite risks of misuse, applications of generative AI could automate content creation for businesses, generate creative works, design products, write code, and more.

Generative AI may profoundly impact how organizations operate. While accuracy and bias issues remain, capabilities continue to grow quickly as companies explore possibilities.

5.1 Generative AI Example

Generative AI has many applications in the following industries: healthcare, education, tourism, marketing, finance, media, retail, manufacturing, construction, agriculture etc.

More specific examples include early disease detection tools, virtual assistants for the blind, AI chatbots for patients, and algorithms to aid drug development etc.

Additional use cases include personalized learning apps, AI lecturers, automated grading and feedback platforms, specialized AI search engines, data-driven travel planners, personalized marketing campaigns, AI-generated financial presentations, virtual shopping assistants, manufacturing simulations, AI architectural renderings, and farmer advisory services. Organizations can leverage generative AI to automate business processes, increase customer satisfaction, optimize operations, and augment human capabilities. Though still evolving, generative AI unlocks promising new possibilities in how businesses create value and humans collaborate with intelligent machines.

Since late 2022, you probably have heard of  ChatGPT and DALL-E. ChatGPT  is a very popular generative AI tool as it helps many people with their writing, business decision and even image creation ( prompts generating). DALL-E is another generative AI example, which helps image generation.

If you want to dive more,check the detailed explanation about Generative AI

6. Types of Learning in Machine Learning:  supervised and unsupervised learning,semi-supervised Learning,Reinforcement  machine Learning

There are  four machine learning type: supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement.

6.1 Reinforcement Learning in Machine Learning

Reinforcement machine learning optimizes sequential decision-making under uncertainty through trial-and-error. It learns optimal policies for taking repeated actions via interacting with environments, receiving feedback on those actions, and improving over time. Goals are maximizing long-term rewards through balancing exploration of new options and exploitation of accrued experience. Applications include inventory control, manufacturing operations, and more. Unique among machine learning techniques, reinforcement learning accumulates its own data by dynamically engaging with situations. It discovers winning tactics for complex sequential tasks lacking existing training datasets or labeled examples.

6.2 Supervised and Unsupervised Learning.

Supervised learning uses labeled data to train algorithms to classify or predict outcomes. It includes classification for assigning categories and regression for predicting numerical values. Unsupervised learning analyzes unlabeled data to find hidden patterns and relationships. It groups data by similarity in clustering, identifies associations, and reduces dimensions. Key difference is supervised learning requires labeled data to iteratively improve predictions while unsupervised learning independently finds structure in raw data. Each approach has strengths suited to particular problems and data conditions. Choosing depends on available data and desired task.

6.3 Semi-Supervised Learning

Semi-supervised learning utilizes a small amount of labeled data plus a large amount of unlabeled data to train models. It combines supervised learning's use of labeled examples with unsupervised learning's leverage of unlabeled data. Semi-supervised learning seeks to maximize performance using limited labeled data, outperforming supervised learning given the same small labeled dataset. It has value for problems where labeling is difficult or expensive. Inductive semi-supervised learning generalizes to new test data, while transductive semi-supervised learning generalizes to available unlabeled training data. Overall, semi-supervised learning aims to effectively train models without requiring substantial labeled data.

6.4 Examples of Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is used for personalized recommendations, cybersecurity, customer segmentation, and more. It detects patterns in unlabeled data like user behaviors to generate suggestions. Cybersecurity applies unsupervised learning to analyze network traffic and emails for anomalies indicating threats. Customer segmentation uses it to group consumers by common traits and tailor marketing. Additional examples include detecting outliers in logistics data to find issues and grouping cancer gene expressions to predict disease early. Overall, unsupervised learning models independently find meaningful structure in raw data across many applications.

7. What are AI Tools 

AI tools are software applications that use artificial intelligence algorithms to solve problems and automate tasks in various industries. These tools analyze data using machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and trends, enabling them to make informed decisions. AI tools serve a wide range of purposes, such as search engines providing personalized results, voice assistants understanding natural language commands, image editing software enhancing images, machine translation services converting text or speech between languages, and recommendation systems suggesting content or products based on user preferences. While AI tools can improve efficiency and accuracy, they need careful design, development, regulation, and ethical use to ensure they are beneficial and safe for humanity. It is crucial for individuals to familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of AI and its workings.

7.1 Types of AI Tools

7.1.1 Computer Vision Tools 

Computer vision is an AI tool that allows machines to analyze and interpret visual data. Popular tools like OpenCV, Microsoft Azure Computer Vision, and Google Cloud Vision API provide a wide range of features for tasks such as image processing, object recognition, and facial detection. Industries benefit from computer vision tools in various ways, including retail inventory management, medical imaging analysis, video surveillance, and autonomous vehicles.

7.1.2 AI  Data Analytics Tools 

These are tools that use AI to perform advanced data analysis and generate insights. Some examples are Tableau, Power BI, and QlikView.

Tableau 

Tableau helps people visualize and understand data to take action based on data. The visualization analytics platform is changing the way organizations of all sizes use data to solve problems.

Tableau can seamlessly integrate with Salesforce CRM. Connect all your data and access comprehensive integrated AI/ML capabilities, governance and data management features, visual storytelling, and collaboration functionality.

Power BI 

Microsoft Power BI is a tool that helps users integrate scattered financial data and analyze and visualize it on one platform. With Power BI, users can quickly analyze and relate multiple tables and data sources, thereby improving analysis efficiency. Compared to Excel, Power BI has advantages in overcoming data decentralization, slow analysis due to multiple table associations, and low value of report information. Power BI provides easier data access, more flexible analysis of multiple tables, and more agile multidimensional data linkage.

QlikView 

QlikView is a comprehensive business analytics software that allows developers and analysts to build and deploy powerful analytics applications. It combines essential elements for business analytics into one software package, including a development environment, analysis engine, and user-friendly interface. QlikView enables data extraction and cleansing from multiple databases, building robust applications that can be modified and used by various users. Its patented AQL architecture eliminates the need for OLAP cubes and can analyze billions of data records. QlikView consists of development, server, publishing, and other application components that can be integrated with other systems. As the trend in business intelligence shifts towards handling big data, QlikView's analytics applications stand out for their quick deployment and power in analysis.

7.1.3 AI Assistants & AI ChatBot : Bards AI,  OpenAI Chat (ChatGPT)

These are tools that use AI to interact with users through natural language, such as voice or text.  We'll introduce some of the best AI ChatBots in the world: Bards AI, ChatGPT 3.5/4.0, and Claude.

Bards AI

Bards AI is based on Google's LaMDA language model, which is trained on a dataset of text and code that is 1.56 trillion words in size.

Bard can be used to create a variety of creative content, such as poems, scripts, or musical pieces.

OpenAI Chat Bot-ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a large language model that is specifically designed for dialogue. It is trained on a massive dataset of text and code, and it uses a technique called "transformers" to generate text. ChatGPT can perform many kinds of tasks, including following instructions, answering questions, and generating creative text formats.

Claude

Claude is a new chatbot developed by former OpenAI researchers and engineers. It can perform a variety of dialogue and text processing tasks while maintaining high reliability and predictability. 

AI Chatbots usage scenario

AI chatbots can be used in many different ways. Some help people with writing by giving ideas and feedback to improve what they write. Others act like a boyfriend, girlfriend, or dating partner so people can practice talking about relationships. Some focus on adult topics for chat.

AI chatbots can also talk back and have conversations using voice instead of text. These chatbots are being added to apps like Telegram, Snapchat, Bing, WordPress and Twitter. This allows people to chat with the AI in these apps.

Some act like a personal assistant to give recommendations and have everyday chats. Others help businesses by answering questions for HR or real estate. As AI chatbots get smarter, they will keep being added to more apps and devices. The chatbots will be able to have better conversations that feel more human-like.

They can be customized for many uses - from helping with work, to acting as a friend, to providing company. Chatbots make using apps and services more interactive by letting people have conversations.

7.1.4 Robotic process automation tools(RPA tools)： UiPath ，Automation Anywhere，Blue Prism

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a software technology that allows organizations to automate tasks that are currently performed by humans. RPA tools use software robots, or "bots," to mimic human actions and interactions with computer systems. This can free up human employees to focus on more strategic tasks, while also improving efficiency and accuracy.

UiPath is one of the leading RPA tools on the market. It is known for its ease of use and powerful features. UiPath bots can be created using a drag-and-drop interface, making it possible for non-technical users to automate tasks. UiPath also offers a wide range of pre-built automations that can be customized to meet specific needs.

Automation Anywhere is another popular RPA tool. It is known for its ability to automate complex tasks, including those that require natural language processing or machine learning. Automation Anywhere bots can be programmed using a variety of methods, including scripting, recording, and drag-and-drop.

Blue Prism is a third RPA tool that is known for its scalability and security. Blue Prism bots can be deployed across multiple systems and applications, making it possible to automate large-scale processes. Blue Prism also offers a variety of security features to protect sensitive data.

RPA is a powerful technology that can help organizations improve efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. By choosing the right RPA tool, you can start automating tasks today and reap the benefits of RPA.

7.1.5 AI Generators:   AI Art / Image / voice /  Video / Text  Generator,  text to image generators

AI generators are a new technology that can be used to create art, images, voice, video, and text. These generators use artificial intelligence to learn from large datasets of existing content and then create new content that is similar to what they have learned.

AI Art/Image Generators & Text to image generators

AI art and image generators can be used to create a wide variety of artistic content, from realistic paintings and photographs to abstract and surreal imagery. Some popular AI art generators include:

· Stable Diffusion: Stable Diffusion is a new AI image generation model that is capable of producing high-quality images from text prompts.

· Midjourney AI: Midjourney AI is an AI art generator that is known for its ability to create dreamlike and fantastical images.

· DALL-E: DALL-E 2/3 is an AI image generator that is known for its ability to create realistic and photorealistic images from text prompts.

AI Voice Generators

AI voice generators can be used to create synthetic voices that sound like real human voices. These generators can be used for a variety of purposes, such as creating voiceovers for videos and presentations or generating audiobooks. Some popular AI voice generators include:

· DeepMind WaveNet: DeepMind WaveNet is an AI voice generator that is known for its ability to produce high-quality synthetic voices.

· Google Cloud Text-to-Speech: Google Cloud Text-to-Speech is an AI voice generator that is easy to use and can be used to generate voices in over 200 languages.

· Amazon Polly: Amazon Polly is an AI voice generator that offers a variety of voices and features, including the ability to generate voices that sound like specific people.

AI Video Generators

AI video generators can be used to create synthetic videos that look like real videos. These generators can be used for a variety of purposes, such as creating training videos for employees or marketing videos for products and services. Some popular AI video generators include:

· Synthesia: Synthesia is an AI video generator that allows you to create videos with realistic avatars.

· Descript: Descript is an AI video editing software that includes a variety of features for generating synthetic videos.

· Pixotope: Pixotope is an AI video production platform that allows you to create synthetic videos and virtual studios.

AI Text Generators

AI text generators can be used to generate text of all kinds, from news articles and blog posts to creative writing and poetry. Some popular AI text generators include:

· Bard: Bard is a large language model from Google AI that can generate different creative text formats, like poems, code, scripts, musical pieces, email, letters, etc.

· GPT-3/GPT-4: GPT-3/GPT-4 is a large language model from OpenAI that can generate text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way.

· LaMDA: LaMDA is a large language model from Google AI that is designed to be informative and comprehensive.

If you want to know more about AI text generator, you could check the Best Free AI Content Writing Tools .

Conclusion

AI generators are a powerful new technology that can be used to create a wide variety of content. As AI generators continue to develop, they are likely to have a major impact on the way we work and create.

7.1.6 AI Recommendation Systems: Amazon Personalize,Spotify Discover Weekly, Netflix Recommendation Engine

AI recommendation systems are tools that can provide personalized suggestions or recommendations to users based on their preferences, behavior, or context.

Some examples are Amazon Personalize, Netflix Recommender System, and Spotify Discover Weekly.

7.1.7 AI Sentiment Analysis Tools: Hootsuite Insights, MonkeyLearn Sentiment Analysis,Lexalytics Sentiment Analysis

AI Sentiment Analysis Tools are AI tools that can detect and measure the emotions, opinions, or attitudes of users or customers expressed in natural language. Some examples are MonkeyLearn Sentiment Analysis, Hootsuite Insights Powered by Brandwatch, and Lexalytics Sentiment Analysis API.

7.1.8 AI Translation Tools:  Google Translate, Microsoft Translator,DeepL Translator

AI Translation Tools are AI tools that can translate natural language from one language to another. Some examples are Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, and DeepL Translator.

7.1.9 AI Voice Recognition: Google Text to Speech, Nuance Dragon Speech Recognition, AWS Transcribe

AI Voice Recognition are  AI tools that can convert speech into text or commands. Some examples are Google Speech-to-Text API, Amazon Transcribe, and Nuance Dragon Speech Recognition Solutions.

7.1.10 AI Image Recognition Tools:  Amazon Rekognition,Clarifai Image Recognition, Google Cloud Face Detection

AI Image Recognition Tools are  AI tools that can identify objects, faces, scenes, or activities in images. Some examples are Google Cloud Vision API Face Detection, Amazon Rekognition Image Analysis, and Clarifai Image Recognition API.

7.1.11 Natural Language Generation (NLG) tools: Bard, Chat GPT4 & 3, Claude

 Natural Language Generation (NLG) tools are AI tools that can produce natural language text from data or other inputs. Some examples are OpenAI GPT-3, Narrative Science Quill NLG Platform, and Automated Insights Wordsmith NLG Platform.

7.1.12 AI-driven speech synthesis tools

AI-driven speech synthesis tools are AI tools that can produce natural sounding speech from text or other inputs. Some examples are Google Cloud Text-to-Speech API, Amazon Polly Text-to-Speech Service, and IBM Watson Text-to-Speech Service.

7.1.13 AI-driven image synthesis tools

AI-driven image synthesis tools are  AI tools that can produce realistic or stylized images from text or other inputs. Some examples are NVIDIA StyleGAN2 Image Synthesis Model, RunwayML Image Synthesis Platform, and Artbreeder Image Synthesis Tool.

7.1.14 AI-driven video synthesis tools

AI-driven video synthesis tools are  AI tools that can  produce realistic or stylized videos from text or other inputs. Some examples are NVIDIA GANcraft Video Synthesis Model, Synthesia Video Synthesis Platform, and Wombo Video Synthesis App [14].

7.1.15 AI-driven music synthesis tools

AI-driven music synthesis tools are AI tools that can produce original or stylized music from text or other inputs. Some examples are OpenAI Jukebox Music Synthesis Model [15], Amper Music Synthesis Platform [15] ,and AIVA Music Synthesis Tool [15].

7.1.16 AI-driven art generation tools

AI-driven art generation tools are AI tools that can produce artistic or creative works, such as paintings, drawings, or sculptures. Some examples are Google DeepDream Art Generation Model [16], Artisto Art Generation App [16], and AI Portraits Art Generation Tool [16].

7.1.17 AI-driven game development tools

AI-driven game development tools are AI tools that can create or enhance various aspects of game development, such as graphics, sound, gameplay, or story. Some examples are Unity ML-Agents Game Development Framework, Unreal Engine 4 AI Game Development Platform, and Promethean AI Game Development Assistant.

7.1.18 AI-driven web development tools

AI-driven web development tools are AI tools that can create or enhance various aspects of web development, such as design, layout, content, or functionality. Some examples are Wix ADI Web Development Tool, B12 Web Development Platform, and Bookmark Web Development Assistant.

7.1.19 AI-driven data mining tools

AI-driven data mining tools are AI tools that can extract, transform, and analyze large and complex data sets from various sources. Some examples are RapidMiner, KNIME, and Oracle Data Mining.

7.1.20 AI-driven optimization tools

AI-driven optimization tools are AI tools that can find the best solutions for complex problems that involve multiple variables, constraints, and objectives. Some examples are MATLAB Optimization Toolbox, Gurobi Optimizer, and IBM Decision Optimization.

7.1.21 AI-driven knowledge extraction and management tools

 AI-driven knowledge extraction and management tools are AI tools that can  extract, organize, and store relevant information from various sources, such as documents, web pages, or databases. Some examples are Diffbot Knowledge Graph, IBM Watson Discovery, and Google Knowledge Graph.

7.1.22 AI-driven decision making and planning tools

AI-driven decision making and planning tools are AI tools that can   support or automate decision making and planning processes, such as risk assessment, resource allocation, or scheduling. Some examples are IBM Watson Decision Platform for Agriculture, Google OR-Tools, and OptaPlanner.

7.1.23 AI-driven generative design tools

AI-driven generative design tools are AI tools that can create or optimize designs based on user-defined criteria, such as functionality, aesthetics, or performance. Some examples are Autodesk Generative Design, SolidWorks Generative Design, and nTopology Generative Design.

8. AI Tool Frameworks

Machine learning platforms simplify machine learning(ML) development by providing tools for all stages of the ML workflow, from data management to model deployment. Popular platforms include Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch, which are all open-source and widely used.

8.1 Machine Learning with Scikit-learn and TensorFlow

Scikit-learn  is an open-source framework that supports supervised and unsupervised machine learning. It provides a simple and consistent interface for building, training, and applying various machine learning algorithms, as well as various tools and modules for data preprocessing, feature extraction, model selection, evaluation, and improvement.

TensorFlow is a popular machine learning library for Python, C++, and Java, which offers many tools and services for data processing, visualization, experimentation, and production. TensorFlow is widely used for various applications, such as image recognition, natural language processing, speech synthesis, and recommendation systems

8.2Deep Learning with PyTorch

PyTorch is a popular machine learning library for Python, which offers various tools and libraries for data manipulation, optimization, distributed computing, and debugging and is widely used for various applications, such as computer vision, natural language generation, reinforcement learning, and generative modeling

9. AI Services 

AI services are cloud-based solutions that enable businesses and developers to access and use artificial intelligence capabilities without requiring extensive AI or data science skills or knowledge. 

Cloud-based AI services offer pre-trained AI services that provide ready-made intelligence for various use cases:

  1. Amazon Web Services (AWS) AI services:  Amazon Rekognition for image and video analysis.

  2. Google Cloud AI services: Google Cloud Natural Language Processing for natural language understanding,and Google Cloud Translation API for language translation.

  3. Microsoft Azure AI services： Microsoft Azure Computer Vision for image analysis.

  4. IBM Watson AI services:IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding for natural language understanding.

  5. Accenture AI Services: Accenture offers a range of customized AI services that help businesses to implement AI solutions in their processes and operations. Some examples are Accenture Generative AI for content creation.

10. Considerations when choosing AI tools

To choose AI tools for your work or life, we should consider the following factors: 

1. Cost 

2. Scalability

3. Ease of use 

4. Integration capabilities 

5. Technical support and documentation 

If you want more details, check our articles in the blog page.

11. Conclusion 

In summary, this passage provides an extensive overview of artificial intelligence, including its history, key concepts, types of AI systems, and practical tools and applications. Starting from early thinkers like Alan Turing, AI has progressed through alternating cycles of hype and reduced funding, before experiencing a resurgence in the 2010s driven by increased computing power and data.

We have talked about different types of AI like reactive machines, limited memory AI, theory of mind AI, and self-aware AI, highlighting our progress to date and the challenges ahead for achieving human-like artificial general intelligence. Various artificial neural networks used in AI are also covered, from convolutional to recurrent networks. In addition, the main machine learning approaches of supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised and reinforcement learning are explained.

Finally, the passage provides a comprehensive list of leading AI tools and services across fields like natural language processing, computer vision, analytics, and content generation. When selecting AI solutions, factors like cost, scalability, ease of use and integration must be considered. While AI holds great promise to augment human capabilities, prudent governance is required to steer its societal impacts. In these years, AI has transformed numerous industries and will be a challege to all industries and humans.